$: marks the beginning and the end of a math formula or text. Use \$ instead.
%: marks the beginning of a comment; all text after it is ignored. Use \% instead.
&: table alignment mark, use \& instead.
_: math subscript text like H<->2<->O, use \_{} instead. Must be bracketed within $...$, e.g., $H_{2}O$.
\: the beginning of a command or a symbol, use $\backslash$ instead.
^: math superscript text like 10<+>2<+>=100; use \^{} instead. Must be bracketed within $...$, e.g., $10^{2}$.
#: symbol replacement definition mark, use \# instead.
{: begins a group, use $\{$ instead.
}: ends a group, use $\}$ instead.
~: unbreakable space, use \~{} instead.